Research Topics in Optometry

Postgraduate research topics Department of Optometry and Vision Science Postgraduate research topics The following is a list of research topics offered at the doctorate (PhD), masters and honours level.  » Honours  » Masters  » PhD Honours Research Topics| Affiliation – Faculty and Dept| Supervisor/s details| Comparison of animal models of age related nuclear cataract| Optometry and Vision Science| Professor Paul Donaldson p. [email  protected] ac. nz| Mapping antioxidant transporter expression in the front of the eye| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr Julie Lim j. [email  protected] ac. nz| Electron microscopy of protein trafficking in the lens| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr Angus Grey ac. [email  protected] ac. nz| Modelling of lens function  | Optometry and Vision Science| Dr Ehsan Vaghefi e. [email  protected] ac. nz| Exploring neural plasticity in the human visual cortex| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr. Ben Thompson b. [email  protected] ac. nz| Development of aids for colour deficient optometrists| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr. Misha Vorobyev m. [email  protected] ac. nz| Botox: as a tool for eye therapy? | Optometry and Vision Science| Dr Monica Acosta:m. [email  protected] ac. nz| Top Masters Research Topics| Affiliation – Faculty and Dept| Supervisor/s details| Developing functiuonal assays to study membrane protein function in the core of the lens| Optometry and Vision Science| Professor Paul Donaldson p. [email  protected] ac. nz| Chromatic and achromatic vision in reef fish| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr. Misha Vorobyev m. [email  protected] ac. nz| Colour preference in the honeybee| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr. Misha Vorobyev m. [email  protected] ac. nz| Clinical tests for colour vision defects| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. z| Defocus and visual function| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Visual characteristics of NZ population groups| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Assessment of refractive error in low vision| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Clinical research topics in optometry| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| How does a cell die? Analysis of photoreceptor cells| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science| Dr Monica Acosta:m. [email  protected] ac. nz| Top PhD Research Topics| Affiliation – Faculty and Dept| Supervisor/s details| Functional characterization of glucose transporters in the lens| Optometry and Vision Science| Professor Paul Donaldson p. [email  protected] ac. nz| Visualization of cell signaling pathways in the ocular lens| Optometry and Vision Science| Professor Paul Donaldson p. [email  protected] ac. nz| Functional characterization of the cystine/glutamate exchanger in the lens: a potential therapy to delay age related nuclear cataract? | Optometry and Vision Science| Dr. Julie Lim j. [email  protected] c. nz| Functional mapping of purinergic signalling pathways in the lens|   Optometry and Vision Science| Professor Paul Donaldson p. [email  protected] ac. nz| Studying membrane protein function in the core of the lens| Optometry and Vision Science| Professor Paul Donaldson p. [email  protected] ac. nz| Antioxidant strategies to prevent age related nuclear cataract| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr Julie Lim j. [email  protected] ac. nz| Investigation of physiological mechanisms that regulate normal eye growth| Optometry & Vision Science| Dr John Phillips j. [email  protected] ac. nz| Investigation of methods for Inhibition of myopia progression in children. | Optometry & Vision Science| Dr John Phillips j. [email  protected] ac. nz| Harnessing neural plasticity for visual rehabilitation| Optometry & Vision Science| Dr. Ben Thompson b. [email  protected] ac. nz| Measuring the human visual cortex response to visual loss with fMRI| Optometry and Vision Science| Dr. Ben Thompson b. [email  protected] ac. nz| The relationship between native New Zealand flowers and vision of native pollinators  |   |   | Colour deficeincy and colour judgement|   | Dr Misha Vorobyev m. [email  protected] ac. z| Visual characteristics of NZ population groups| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Defocus and visual function| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Clinical tests for colour vision defects. | FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [ema il  protected] ac. nz| Assessment of refractive error in low vision| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Research topics in clinical optometry| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Assoc Prof Rob Jacobs r. [email  protected] ac. nz| Vesicular transport in eye disesases| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Dr. Monica Acostam. [email  protected] ac. nz| Neurochemistry of an animal model of retinal degeneration| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Dr. Monica Acostam. [email  protected] ac. nz | Modelling oxygen / CO2 circulation of the retinal cells| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Dr. Ehsan Vaghefi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e. [email  protected] ac. nz| Modelling the electrical stimulation of the retina, using hexagonal electrodes| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Dr. Ehsan Vaghefi e. [email  protected] ac. nz| Creating a full 3D anatomically correct model of the ocular lens| FoS (Optometry and Vision Science)| Professor Paul Donaldsonp. [email  protected] ac. nzDr. Ehsan Vaghefie. [email  protected] ac. nz| Top * FOR * ABOUT * Our department * Our research * Research groups * Publications * Postgraduate research topics * Our courses * Our staff * Careers and opportunities * News and events Apply now! 2012 Handbook Postgraduate Research University of Auckland Clinics SharePrintEmail Copyright  © The University of Auckland A to Z Directory  |  Site map  |  Accessibility  |  Copyright  |  Privacy  |  Disclaimer  |  Feedback on this page | |

Statistics: Practice Problems Solutions

1. (24 points) If needed, additional workspace is provided on the next sheet. Doug Moodie is the president of Garden Products Limited. Over the last 5 years, his vice president of marketing has been providing the sales forecast using his special â€Å"focus† forecasting technique. The actual sales for the past ten years and the forecasts from the vice president of marketing are given below. Year |Sales |VP/Marketing Forecast | |1 |170,300 |– | |2 |168,250 |– | |3 |165,700 |– | |4 |169,000 |– | |5 |168,000 |– | |6 |167,300 |170,000 | |7 |175,250 |170,000 | |8 |172,500 |180,000 | |9 |156,700 |180,000 | |10 |176,300 |160,000 | Doug wonders if perhaps a weighted moving average or an exponential smoothing approach to forecasting might be better than having the vice president of arketing prepare the forecast. Doug wants to evaluate a two-period weighted moving average with weights of 0. 7 and 0. 3 for the most recent and next most recent p eriods. He also wants to evaluate the exponential smoothing with an ? = 0. 3 and a starting forecast for period 6 of 168,000 units. a) Which of the three methods (weighted moving average, exponential smoothing and VP/Marketing) provides the best forecasting method if you were to evaluate these methods for their forecasting accuracy for Years 8 through 10. Use one of the evaluation methods we have discussed. See next page b) In part a) we identified which is the best method of those three methods.However, would you recommend using this method for forecasting sales for Year 11? Why or Why not? See next page c) What would be the forecast for Year 11 using both the weighted moving average and the exponential smoothing methods? See next page [pic] 2. (23 points) Lake Charles Seafood makes 500 wooden packing boxes for fresh seafood per day, working in two 10-hour shifts. The marketing department has advised that demand has increased so that 650 wooden boxes for fresh seafood are required daily. Due to higher demand, plant managers are considering operating three 8-hour shifts instead. Productivity is measured in terms of boxes produced per hour worked. ) Calculate the productivity of the operation for the two-shift operation producing 500 boxes. 500/20 = 25 boxes per hour b) Calculate the productivity of the operation for the three-shift operation producing 650 boxes. 650/24 = 27. 08 c) Using the two-shift operation as the base, calculate the percentage difference between the two-shift operation and the three-shift operation as described in parts a) and b). (27. 08-25)25 = 1. 083 or an increase of 8. 3% d) Now suppose that the plant managers want to be able to produce the 650 boxes but only use two 10-hour shifts. What must the productivity be to achieve this production output? 650/20 = 32. 50 boxes per hour ) If the company believes that to be competitive if it is to produce 650 wooden boxes, the company must reach a productivity measure of 40 boxes per hour. What are the maximum hours a day the company can work? 650/x = 40 X = 16. 25 hours 3. (19 points) Additional workspace is provided on the next page. Students in a science class have just received their grades on the first test. The instructor has provided information about the first test grades in some previous classes as well as the final average for the same students. Some of these grades have been sampled and are as follows: Student |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 | |1st Test Grade |98 |77 |88 |80 |96 |61 |66 |95 |69 | Final Average |93 |78 |84 |73 |84 |64 |64 |95 |76 | |You are also provided the results from several different linear regression relationships for the above data. These provide different regression relationships looking at different combination of independent and dependent variables. [pic]a) Develop a linear regression model that can be used to predict the final course average based on the first test grade. [pic] b) Predict the final average of a student who made an 83 on the first test. [pic] c) Would you recommend using this relationship for forecasting the final averages? Why? Also, explain how strong the relationship is between these two variables. [pic] d) Suppose a student scored a 38 on the first test. Predict the final average of a student who had this score?What cautions would you recommend about using the linear regression relationship for predicting a final average? [pic] 4. (18 points) David Upton is president of Upton manufacturing, a producer of Go-Kart tires. Upton makes 1,000 tires per day with the following resources: Labor:400 hours at $12. 50 per hour Raw Material:20,000 pounds per day at $1. 00 per pound Energy:$5,000 per day Capital:$10,000 per day a) What is the labor productivity for these tires at Upton Manufacturing expressed per labor hour? Labor productivity = 1000 tires/400 hours = 2. 5 tires/hour. b) What is the multi-factor (total factor) productivity expressed per dollar? Original Multifactor productivity is 1000 tires/(40 0 ? $12. 50 + 20,000 ? $1 + $5,000 + $10,000) = ,000 tires/$40,000 = 0. 025 tires/dollar. c) What is the percent change in the total factor productivity if Upton can reduce the energy bill by $1,000 without cutting production or changing any other inputs? Original Multifactor productivity is 1000 tires/(400 ? $12. 50 + 20,000 ? $1 + $5,000 + $10,000) = 1,000 tires/$40,000 = 0. 025 tires/dollar. Revised Multifactor productivity changes from 1,000/40,000 to 1,000/39,000, or from 0. 025 to 0. 02564 The ratio is 1. 0256, so the change is a 2. 56 percent increase. 5. (16 points) a) Briefly discuss two ways that operations management can provide a company with a competitive advantage. 8 points Open-ended answerSupports the other functions, delivers what is promised to the customer; provides a competitive advantage; provides a low cost option; plan and execute the production and delivery of the firm’s goods and services; Ops Mgt is defined as the design, operation, and improvement o f the systems that create and deliver the firm’s primary products and services. b) Briefly discuss two of the major issues that are facing operations management staff in the current business environment. 8 points Open-ended answer Global challenge, automation and technology, commoditization of the supplier, coordinating the relationships between mutually supportive but separate organizations, optimizing global supplier, production, and distribution networks, increased co-production of goods and services, managing customer touch points, raising senior management awareness of operations as a significant competitive weapon.

Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market?

Executive summary Tesco is the third largest retail company in the world after Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Carrefour SA. The paper provides an overview of Tesco PLC and its market expansion strategy in competitive markets, specifically Japan. The paper briefly provides information on Tesco’s entry into the Japanese retail market. It provides details of the factors that compelled Tesco to exit from the Japanese retail market. It is argued that other foreign retail companies had failed in the Japanese market primarily due to unique shopping habits of Japanese consumers. Synopsis of the Case study Tesco is a UK based retailer company founded in 1919 (Humby, 2008). The company is the third-largest in the world in terms of sales, behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the United States (US) and Chain Carrefour SA of France (Humby, 2008). Tesco carried out extensive research spanning several years in its strategy to expand its market to other already established and emerging markets internationally. Tesco embarked on expansion, into new markets, establishing new stores in the US, entering emerging markets in Central Europe and Japan through acquisition and entering markets like South Korea and Malaysia through a joint measure (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan where it had entered the market through acquisition. Tesco’s exit from Japan was motivated by its failure to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan, the economic and demographic factors which have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese, Japanese consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products in Tesco stores and preferred more affordable private labels. In addition there were a series of food safety scares that hit the Japanese retail market and Tesco’s British business format. Additionally, Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The paper critically assesses the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. The company has in excess of 500,000 employees in its chain stores around the word. Tesco aims at delivering a consistently strong customer offer based on each customer visit and transaction by focusing on the Group’s core business purpose. Tesco enjoys a 30% market share in the British grocery market making it the biggest player in retail business in the UK. Other players are Asda with 16.9% of the market, Sainsbury’s with 16.4%, Morrison’s with 11.5% and Co-op/Somerfield with 9.2% of the market s hare (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Theoretical framework Tesco has expanded its presence to about 5400 chain stores operating in 14 markets outside the UK. The company has grown its business value and operations to become the third-largest retailer in the world behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the US and France’s retail Chain Carrefour SA (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Tesco’s main business focus is to expand its business in established markets and emerging markets around the world. With a focus to expand its business operations, Tesco operates about 1400 stores in Asian countries of Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea. Tesco began its expansion to the Asian market in 1998 when it acquired a 75% majority controlling in Thailand’s Lotus, a chain of 13 hypermarkets for 111 million British pounds. In March 1999, Tesco further expanded its business expansion strategy in the Asian market with a joint venture with Samsung in South Korea. In 2002, Tesco entered the Malaysian retail market through a joint ven ture with a local company called Sime Darby Behad (Tesco’s internal data, 2009) The collapse in asset values caused by financial crisis in the late 1990s significantly facilitated the company’s expansion in South-East Asia. Tesco expanded its market into the Japanese market in 2003 by acquiring a controlling interest in the C Two-Network Co, a discount supermarket chain. However, in September 2011, Tesco PLC took the decision to withdraw its retail business operations from the Japanese market and sold off its operations consisting of 129 chain stores. The stores were in the Tokyo area and other stores operating under the Tesco brand, Tesco Express and supermarkets under the Tsurukame brand. The supermarket sector in Japan is fiercely competitive and unprofitable. From the case study, it seems clear that Aeton and Itoh Yokado, the two largest supermarket groups in Japan are struggling to make profit even though they enjoy huge economies of scale. Tesco and other global supermarkets with their plentiful capital failed to successfully penetrate the Japanese market. Despite Tesco’s intending to offer low prices on bulky purchases, things did not turn out to be successful and eventually Tesco had to exit the market. Sogo and Seibu, a big-name in Japanese departmental stores failed to dig into the Japanese retail market. Tesco, and other foreign players like Carrefour and Wal-Mart moved to fill the gaps left by the ailing domestic retailers in the general merchandise store (GMS) segment by setting up their stores or forging an alliance with a domestic player. Despite the business strategy, Tesco and other foreign retailers struggles to successfully penetrate into the difficult Japanese market. Answer to the question. At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan. The following are the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. Economic and demographic factors that have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese. The Japanese grocery retail is a mature market valued at US$370 billion, and it’s the second largest in the world behind the US market. The Japanese grocery sales per capita boosts as the highest in the world at more than US$ 3,300 in a year. However, the market still remains troubled. A combination of economic and demographic factors have resulted in the grocery retail market slipping by 1.2% in 2004 (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Since the bubble burst in early 1990s, the Japanese economy has been in the doldrums, followed by deflation in the consumer price in subsequent years. Since the economic downturn, consumer confidence has never fully recovered. In relation to demographic factors, the population growth has been stagnan t in recent years, resulting in diminished volume growth opportunity, in the retail market. The consumption patterns of the Japanese have changed along with the demographic shifts and varying lifestyles. The birth rate is declining and the population is ageing. High levels of unemployment have prompted people to migrate to city areas that provide more work options. The consequence is an increased demand for freshly prepared and convenience Japanese-style foods. The foods are readily available in at food halls and convenience stores in department stores. The Japanese masses have not widely embraced Western cuisines resulting in a bumpy ride and the eventual fallout of the both the domestic and foreign retailers such as Tesco. In July 2011, supermarket sales in Japan diminished by 1.2% overall to 1.05 trillion Yen. The fall has been recorded for the last 20 consecutive months based on a year-on-year comparison. In July 2011, a decline of -0.6% in food was recorded, -2.7% decline in ho usehold products, -0.8% decline in clothing, -1.7% decline in services and a decline of -3.3% in miscellaneous items (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). The statistics indicate that supermarket sales were dwindling, and Tesco found it hard to continue operating within such a difficult environment (Williamson, 2013). Tesco failed to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan. According to CEO, Philip Clarke, Japanese shopping habits were very different from those envisioned in business strategies and business processes of Tesco. According to Clarke, the British consumers enjoy carrying out a â€Å"big shop† once in a week since there is enough room to keep their shopping. In contrast, for many Japanese, space is premium and carrying out a big shop is not an option. Tesco, like other foreign retail companies, failed to adapt fully to the local shopping habits of the Japanese consumers. Consumers switching from branded luxury products in Tesco stor es to more affordable private labels. Despite the demand for staple food and household items remaining flat, some consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products to private labels that are more affordable. However, the penetration of such private labels products has not been popular compared to branded products because the Japanese consumers are still conscious of the product brand of the item they purchase. A series of food safety scares hit the market. The outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Japanese cows, use of non-approved additives in packaged foods and product origin being mislabeled eroded consumer confidence and caused a series of food safety scares in the grocery retail market. The British business format of Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The people of Japan put much emphasis on the quality and freshness of food items. They, therefore, prefer to shop many times in a week instead of carrying out a single bulk shopping in a weekly basis. Departmental store food halls began offering high price but high quality foods while low priced standard food products were offered by supermarkets. Although discount stores started increasingly introducing fresh food product to encourage more customer visits, they were considered to be at the lower end of the market along with convenience stores. The small retail channels have increased their market share in recent years because the ir business format meets the Japanese consumers’ preference for shopping several times each week. They have also widened their range of services such as the provision of added-value services, bill-paying facilities, cash machines and delivery services. The small retail channels business format is in contrast with Tesco business format. As a result, Tesco faced a challenge of penetrating the highly competitive business segment. The Japanese people are highly demanding and fussy consumers who need to be provided with a wide selection of goods and foodstuffs. The Japanese consumers also value freshness of their produce, and they are likely to question of the stock in a hypermarket such as Tesco. Japanese consumers make frequent visits to many different stores per week instead of carrying out a one stop-shop within a single supermarket store. Conclusion In summary, the expansion strategy taken by Tesco into the Japanese market was a well-timed one. However, the Japanese market posed many difficulties which prevented Tesco penetrating the market and achieving profits. Despite that Tesco invested many resources and formulated strategies to gain the Japanese retail market, its failure to establish a business format to suit the Japanese consumers’ lifestyle envisaged its eventual exit. Other foreign retail companies such as Carrefour SA of France had failed to attain profit. Economic factors also led Tesco’s exit as consumers changed preference. The consumer patterns of the Japanese can be difficult to accommodate and formulate a business format to suit their demands and lifestyle. References Humby C, et al. (2008) Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Tesco’s internal data, 2009 (www.tesco.com) Williamson C, et al. (2013) Strategic Management and Business Analysis. London: Routledge.

Human Resource Management (case study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management (case study) - Essay Example Moreover, the furniture will be standardized and customer’s requirements will not be met because it can probably increase the cost. However, the company is not in a position to cope up with any unplanned change because it can’t afford any changes in the production process and the design of product due to the excessive cost of implementing the changes. Question 2: Based on your evaluation of the strategy approached by each organization what would be the most likely HR strategy? Answer: The working conditions and job descriptions will be fixed and rigid. The job descriptions will cover clearly defined tasks and responsibilities with no room for flexibility. The job duties will give little or no room for career progression to the employees because the tasks will require specialization in one specific area and the employees will not be able to learn new skills and abilities. The chances for training and development are extremely limited because the furniture is manufactured on basic standards which don’t require updating the skills. As a result, the performance appraisal will be done on efficiency and effectiveness of the employees. In other words, the employees will be evaluated on the quantity of items produced irrespective of quality. The wages of front line employees will be based on number of items produced each hour and bonus/rewards can be expected on overproduction. The salary structure of the employees will be competitive and company will pay at/below the industry standards. Efforts will be made to recruit cheap labors and the jobs of highly paid workers will be unsecured so that cost can be minimized and the supervisors will ensure that labor productivity is enhanced and employees don’t sit idle. Overall, a short term profit making approach is adopted. Question 3: Is this approach of linking Porter’s competitive strategy to HR strategy has its limitations? Evaluate what you consider these limitations can be. Answer: the porter’s competitive strategy is very generic and its approach is very limited and narrow. Porter says that the company should follow only one strategy at a time so that it doesn’t lose focus. On one hand, Benchill & Sons uses tight cost control to reduce prices but on the other hand, it needs to change its policies with the changing trends in the market and the economy. For e.g. the company can go for technological advancement or may be it can purchase raw materials form cheap countries like china or India, in order to reduce cost. However, this approach is very practical for non-profit organizations because their sources are limited but for benevolent owners this approach is not good for the reputation of the company. On the other hand, for profit making companies, the background of entrepreneur, the nature of industry, competitors, buying patterns of customers, technology and minimum standards set by ISO are important factors to consider before adopting any competit ive strategy. The best employment practice is to ensure better utilization of resources while not exploiting the workers, maintaining a fair quality standard and using relationship marketing approach to ensure repeat sales in order to beat the competitors. SPEKE FURNISHINGS Question 1: evaluate which of the Porter’

Endangered Species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Endangered Species - Essay Example In an analysis of the changes in the number of species in the threatened category on the Red List over the last decade, it becomes palpable to the observer that there is a gradual but fundamental expansion of the numbers of various endangered species. For the various groups of endangered species such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, molluscs, and plants, the number of endangered species has generally been greater than that of the critically engendered species, except fish and molluscs. In the case of the endangered mammals, there was a gradual development in the number of critically endangered species from 169 in 1998 to 188 in 2008, except for the period 2004-2007, and in the number of endangered species from 315 in 1998 to 448 in 2008. Similarly, there was a gradual but essential change in the number of critically engendered species in the categories of birds (from 168 in 1998 to 190 in 2008), reptiles (from 41 in 1998 to 86 in 2008), and insects (from 44 in 1998 to 70 in 2008).

Topic list in the file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Topic list in the file - Essay Example By the end of the 20th century, there was a complete turnaround of gender norms comprising of mixed and reversed roles among both genders from the reserved gender roles that were exhibited and practiced at the onset of the 20th century. This paper will analyze the characteristics of the 20th century gender norms and the way these norms were enforced and justified by both genders. On the first phase of the analysis, gender norms that surfaced in the first half of the 20th century will be discussed, each with their respective enforcements. This phase contains significant gender evolutionary milestones like women suffrage, and women’s increased responsibility in acting as subordinates to men during the first and second World Wars. The second phase that constitutes the second half of the 20th century displays more dynamism in gender norms reconstruction. These go on till finally, there is a form of gender norm balance and satisfaction from both ends at the end of the 20th century. The need for a more aligned gender norm definition does not stop, as the same plea flows over into the 21st century. The conclusion of the defined characters will be succeeded with a brief explanation of the challenges that were encountered in a continual bid to adopt and accept the changes in gender norms through the 20th century. Gender norms transition: 1900 – 1950 The onset of the 20th century carried itself along with the strict gender norms that were adhered to at the close of the 19th century. The increased industrial age had amplified the disparities in the gender norms where the men were categorized as the society’s producers and the women classed as protectors of the comfort havens the men came to roost after their daily works. The women in the society thus maintained a low profile in the society with their area of confinement maintained as the household where they took care of the children, prepared food, and carried out other household chores that would ta ke away that burden from their men’s activity list (Ryan 34). In the years that preceded the 1920s, women’s suffrage was the key fight by women that aimed at giving the native-born American woman the power to participate in politics and the right to vote. This fight had persisted during the last 40 years of the 19th century with associations such as the American Women’s Suffrage Association (AWSA) by Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell in 1869 and National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the same year. The cries for women’s suffrage were initially ignored by the chauvinistic-dominated male administration. The years between 1910 and 1920 marked the most active years for the fighting for women’s right to vote and emphasized by an active lobbyist, Catt, who utilized her personal relation skills to obtain more than 500,000 signatures attesting for women’s suffrage. Since the advent of polit ics, it was a preserve of men whose position in politics was justified by claims of them being able enough to make decisions. Further, it was alleged that women were too religious to soil their morality in politics, which was allegedly dirty. It was preferred that they kept their sanctity and helped uphold the moral values in families and the society (Ryan 58). After many years of activism, 1922 was the year of victory when women participated for

Welfare, Policy And The Law In Social Work Practice Essay

Welfare, Policy And The Law In Social Work Practice - Essay Example These practitioners provide methods and means supporting counseling individuals experiencing personal trauma, grief and depression (Bell2002). The understanding of the bereavement theory in this context improves Social work practitioners also engage in providing services such as the development, monitoring and implementation of policies and guidelines that facilitate best bereavement practice and care. According to Thompson, N. (2000) this entails training and consultations to bereaved individuals attributed to various circumstances (Thompson 2000). This essentiality of this is strengthening the link between those who are bereaved and depressed and the continuous provision of improved and quality services. In the context of the case study, Sayeed is a 50-year-old Indian male who stays in UK and has lost his job under unclear circumstances where he claims to be discriminatory and unfair is in despair and distress. After loosing his job Sayeed has not been able to provide to his family prompting her wife Juliet, a 45-year-old English teacher threatening to leave her because he is not able to provide for the family needs. Therefore in order to understand the intervention requirement that Sayeed needs to overcome his situation, it is important to have an insight on the supporting the bereaved theory and practice (Bell2002). BEREAVEMENT THEORY According to Adams, R., Dominelli, L. and Payne, M. (2002) their studies shows that research on bereavement has increased and gained prominence. Attributed to these studies is the emergence of several models which are aimed to help and guide to who are bereaved. It is notable that individuals who are bereaved have physical, cognitive, cognitive and behavioural components which have variance in disruptiveness and length (Adams et al 2002). Other research shows that providing appropriate and adequate support sometimes results into alleviation of probable future bereavement of depression. However this is not to mean that depresse d and bereaved persons such as Sayeed will require help or should be pathologised. Therefore asserting from this it is important for the professionals to have a strong knowledge base in regard to providing support to the bereaved. Preferably is the solid scientific knowledge base on the bereavement theory and practice. Bereavement theory and practice enhances personal experience of the practitioner which is essential in dealing with emerging depression and bereavement situations (Adams et al 2002). The weakness associated to this approach is that it is too restricted to generalization of validity in regard to new situations. Another major weakness is that the personal experience is influenced by the subjective prejudices and values. In order to be inform with the practice ascribed in the bereavement theory five models is selected which enhances sensitivity of any situation and also when working with the bereaved. The bereavement theory is important because it is useful in dealing wi th life-changing events such as loss of work, illness, divorce and redundancy. To fully understand bereavement theory and what it entails in the context of the case study and is relating social practice the following are the underlying models. Phases and stages According to Lishman (2007) in his study provides that attachment to something gives the basis for understanding bereavement attributed to the loss of work. He further provides that commonly there is human tendency of developing commitment towards work (Lishman 2007). This attachment

Fraud and Cyber Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fraud and Cyber Terrorism - Research Paper Example When implemented proactively to identify unknown fraud, it depicts laser-like precision that allows for much more efficient investigation. (Sanjay Goel. 2010). Cyber terrorism is the act of illegally accessing computers and information chiefly via the internet to create physical harm or severe disturbance of infrastructure. Cyberterrorism could scholarly be defined as â€Å"The premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, against computers and/or networks, with the intention to cause harm or further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives.† Agencies that deal with fraud such as Interpol and the FBI are doing a great job in fighting against cyber terrorism. Interpol on its part is assisting all the member countries and training their personnel to equip themselves with the current trends and forms of fighting cyber terrorism. The Council of Europe Convention on Cyber Crime, which is the first international treaty for fighting against computer crime, is the product of 4 years work by experts from the 45 member and non-member states that include Japan, USA, and Canada. The treaty has already imposed after its endorsement by Lithuania on 21st of March 2004. (Achkoski, J., & Dojchinovski, M. 2011) With the ever-changing trends in the cyber technology sector, there are no foolproof methods to protect a system. To say that you have a completely secure system, then it means that it can never be accessed by anyone. Even in most military set up, top secret information is kept on servers with no outside connection as a form of deterrence of cyber terrorism. Another common way that cyber terrorism can be avoided apart from such isolation is encryption.  

Johann Sebastian Bach Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Johann Sebastian Bach - Thesis Example Johann Sebastian Bach, a talented musician and composer, was much less known inter vivos than, for example, Mozart or Beethoven. But he was probably the first musician who successfully combined the best of Italian, French and German music traditions. He did not become well known to the general public during his lifetime and was forgotten in half a century after his death. Surprisingly, Bach’s fame has been growing through years and nowadays he is recognized as one of the greatest composers of all time. Interest in Bach’s music revived and these days it is much more popular than it was during the composer’s life. It’s a paradox, but the composer who has become old-fashioned soon after his death has started to become more and more popular over two hundred and fifty years, moreover, in modern popular culture societies. Most musicologists agree that Bach’s music technique was brilliant and certainly better than the other great composers had. He was familiar with all the musical works of his time and used them perfectly. Nobody can compete with Bach in the art of counterpoint, when two or more different melodies are performed simultaneously. Bach’s creative works are admired for a diversity and conformity of orchestrations, clear expression of sounding themes and melodies. Bach was a prolific composer. His works include around 300 cantatas, compositions of 48 preludes, 140 other preludes, more than 100 works for harpsichord, 23 concerts, 4 overtures, 5 masses, 3 oratorios and many plays. He wrote more than 800 major musical works in all. Being a deeply religious Lutheran, Bach wanted his music to be played in church and dedicated most of his works to religious music. He did not try to discover new music forms, but brought to perfection the existing ones. He was the best organ and harpsichord performer among his contemporaries. And if Bach did not receive recognition during his lifetime as a composer, then his organ improvisation were unmatched. It had to admit even his rivals (Benstock, 1992, p. 18). In the last years of his life and after death Bach’s composer fame began to fade: his style was considered old-fashioned compared to blooming classicism. His was better known and remembered as a performer, teacher and father of Bach, Jr., primarily Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, whose music was widely known. However, many of the major composers such as Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin knew and loved the works of Johann Sebastian. For example, when visiting St. Thomas’ schools, Mozart heard one of the motets (BWV 225) and exclaimed: â€Å"There is so much to learn!† Later he asked the notes and studied them long and happily. Beethoven greatly appreciated Bach’s music. As a child he played preludes and fugues from The Well-Tempered Clavier and, later, called Bach a true father of harmony. It was also he who was so amazed by Bach’s music that exclaimed - â€Å"not a brook, but a sea† (the word Bach in German means brook). Chopin used to lock in a room and played music of Bach before his own concerts. The works of Johann Sebastian’s had an effect on many composers through ages. Some themes from the works of Bach, for example, the theme from Toccata and Fugue in D minor, were reused in music of the 20th century (Bridges, 2002, p. 35). The biography, written in 1802 by Johann Nikolaus Forkel who knew Bach personally, has spurred interest to Bach’s music in the general public. But a real revival of Bach’s music began with the performance of St. Matthew Passion in 1829, Berlin, organized by Felix Mendelssohn. The audience later called Bach a great true Protestant, brilliant and erudite genius. They learned to appreciate him in full measure again. Mendelssohn continued to promote Bach’s music in subsequent years, which resulted in a growth of the composer’s popularity. In 1850, the Bach Society was founded, which set the goal of collecting, deep

Colonization in Pakistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Colonization in Pakistan - Essay Example British colonizers got access to the country during the reign of Sikh rulers. However, in 1857, Sepoy Mutiny, an Indian Rebellion, initiated a struggle against the British colonizers. Also Indian National Congress spearheaded several non-violent freedom struggles in early 1900s against the British. Britain could not resist the opposing powers and it ended its rule in Pakistan in 1947. Modern state of the country was, therefore, established on August 14, 1947. The country was then partitioned into five provinces: East Bengal, Balochistan, West Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Sindh. The partitioning process, however, led to riots across Pakistan and India (Lieven, 2012). War in Pakistan Pakistan has had four major wars since independence. The first war was the Kashmir war in 1947. The war was triggered when the country gained control of Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. The war involved Pakistan and the neighboring India. The two countries were later involved in war in 1965 and in 1971. The latest war was the Kargil war, which occurred in 1999. Pakistan has also had several skirmishes with its northern border country, Afganistan. Famine in Pakistan Famine in Pakistan is attributed to unevenly distributed rainfall patterns. Famines in the country have caused various devastating effects. Apart from leaving large expanse land derelict, famine in the country also triggered bushfires in various locations. Dereliction processes have not only created food shortages, but have also resulted to death of humans and animals because of hunger. Famines in Pakistan are, therefore, considered as an economic crisis because many resources are spent in mitigating them. Relations with African Countries Pakistan has strong relationships with countries in both Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa. The relationships are evident in the Pakistan embassies in African countries. Also, business relationships between Pakistan and African countries exist. Religion is another area where Pakistan and Arab-related African countries intermingle. In Tunisia, Pakistan supported the country in taking full control of Bizerte. Apart from offering support in various tasks or projects in African countries, Pakistan also helped some African countries during their fight for independence. Pakistan, for instance, supported Algeria during her independence struggle. Relationship between Pakistan and Egypt, Libya, and both Sudan and South Sudan is attributed to similarity in religion. Libya, however, shares similar culture with Pakistan. Pakistan has diplomatic relations and it maintains honorary consulate with various Sub-Saharan African countries. African countries with good relations with Pakistan include: Congo, Botswana, Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mauritius, Madagascar, Lesotho, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, and Somali among others (Lieven, 2012). Strengths of Pakistan Pakistan has been using its strengths for three main reasons; eradication of poverty, increasing overall gross domestic product of the country, and lowering inflation rate. As strength, location of Pakistan is an advantage to its economy. The country is located at the corridor of major maritime oil supply networks. That is, the country is a major oil producer in Asian countries. Through exploitation of the natural resource, Pakistan has significantly improved its economy. Advanced technology and accessibility to infrastructure is another strength point of the country. Apart from, having modern

Impulse buying behaviour and self-regulation Article

Impulse buying behaviour and self-regulation - Article Example These are just some of the factors that affect consumer behaviour. Consumers can be either subjective or objective, testing the persuasiveness of brand names. Retail stores selling the products also play an important role in swaying the decisions of consumers. The whole package or visual appeal of the retail outlet can determine sales, or the service of the sales women or the clerks. Furthermore, consumers may choose particular products/brands not only because these products provide the functional or performance benefits expected, but also because products can be used to express consumers' personality, social status or affiliation (symbolic purposes) or to fulfill their internal psychological needs, such as the need for change or newness (emotional purposes) (Kim et al, 2002). These are just some of the factors that affect impulse buying behavior. ... enomenological approach of survey with succeeding thematic analysis of the texts from which the researcher could gather facts and empirical data from the academe. Aims and Objectives The main objectives of this study are to examine the aspects that influence impulse buying behaviour of consumers and their self-control. Hypotheses The impulse buying behaviour of consumers is influence by beliefs, culture, learning and values. That is regulated by self-control Method Research Design Although the study is primarily interested in examining qualitative concepts and constructs such as beliefs, attitudes and perceptions, the quantitative research approach was likewise utilized to achieve the exploratory and the descriptive objectives of the study, which highlighted the consumers' perspective about the issue of impulsive buying behavior. According to Mays and Pope (2000), the quantitative research approach is most appropriate when conducting descriptive and exploratory study in order to quantify data that seem immeasurable, such as feelings, beliefs, and thoughts. This permits a flexible and iterative approach of analyzing and statistically manipulating the collected information. As such, these variables were presented, explained and correlated with each other and with the qualitative results of the second phase of the research project. Moreover, the study also examined the conditions and the nature that surrounds the quantitative data to achieve the descriptive objec tives of the study. Participants For this particular research activity, the survey method was planned to accomplish a desired sample size of 100 consumers as respondents. To ensure that the survey will produce 100 valid and reliable survey outputs, 40 more respondents were asked to participate, adding 10

Ethics Essay Essay Example for Free

Ethics Essay Essay There are different systems in which an individual or a company could make ethical decisions. They can vary depending on the issue at hand and they relate and different in certain ways. In this writing I will compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. I will include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality. And I will give a personal experience to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. Ethical systems based on abstract values are described as virtue theory. Virtue theory is based on character ethics. It is the viewpoint that in living one’s life one should try to cultivate excellence in all they do and in all that other do. This is the system that would address ethics and morality from the perspective of living with high values and with great character (Boylan, 2009). Quoting Boylan (2009) from our book, â€Å"Utilitarianism is a theory that suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative† (pp. 153). Utilitarianism focuses on what is best for the group or team as a whole. This theory asks, â€Å"What ethical decision will profit the most for the largest amount of people?† Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes one’s duty to do a particular action just because the action, itself, is inherently right and not through any other sorts of calculations (Boylan, 2009). Calculations like what the consequences of that action might be. Deontology is a duty-based theory when addressing ethics and morality. In comparing these three, a utilitarian working for ATT might overlook a bad credit report to make a deal because the deal would help the company and the  client. Therefore it’s a win-win. A deontologist might make the same decision based on the fact that the client needs a cell phone to be able to take care of business in order to take of her children. The simple fact that the action is inherently right regardless of the consequences is the bases for the deontologist. And to the contrary only a virtuous worker would have integrity and do what was in the best interest of the company. A personal experience of mine to relate these topics would be a girlfriend of mine just got out of a bad relationship where she was not married, but had a child with this man. She lived with the father of her child for many years although he was abusive and was providing home that was unsafe and insufficient for her and her child. She stayed for many years making decisions as a utilitarian until one day she changed to a deontologist. She chose to leave the state and ignore the rights of the father on the grounds that he was abusing both her and her son. She valued her and her son’s health over anything. She was virtuous in that she rose above the desire to retaliate and pursued only their protection. And all of her actions where based on her moral concepts, according to her beliefs and understanding. In conclusion, there are many different theories and ways to make ethical decisions. I have related and compared the virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontology. I have also shared a personal experience to relate virtue, values, and moral concepts to one of these theories. Life and business are about making decisions and these concepts and theories are a foundation to a healthy life and a healthy business. References Thompson, S. (2014). What is the relationship among virtue, values moral concepts in individual and business contexts?. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/relationship-among-virtue-values-moral-concepts-individual-business-contexts-69097.html Boylan, M. (2009). Basic Ethics. : Prentice Hall.

Importance of Sociological Theory

Importance of Sociological Theory Why is theory important in the area of sociology? A theory is a proposed relationship between two or more concepts. In sociology, theories are statements of reason why particular facts about the social world are related (Marcionis Geber, 2010, p14). The scope of the social issues in question may range from exact descriptions of a single process to examples or models for analysis and interpretation. Some theories attempt to tell us about the possible outcome of future events in the social world, while others function as broad perspective which guides further sociological analyses (Calhoun, 2002, p1). The importance of theory in the area of sociology cannot be overemphasized. Theories such as the social conflict theory, structural functionalism theory, positivism theory, field theory, rational choice theory, and so on, were developed to explain social phenomena. In sociology, a theory states the hypothesis of a set of entities or relevant system, and permits statements on the possible or envisaged outcomes on their future states. As captured in Little (2010), a theory may also specify probabilistic relations among entities, giving rise to statements about the distribution of possible future states of the system. Little (2010) also noted that a theory provides a set of â€Å"bridge† statement that permits the theorist to connect the consequences of the theory with predictions about observable state of affairs. Sociology is an examination of human beings in social contexts. It entails observing how people in specific communities interact, and surveying and conducting experiments to yield new data on which to build sociological knowledge. Interconnectivity or interdependence is the main characteristic of a society. Sociological theories are frameworks explaining how certain aspects or elements of society are interconnected to the larger processes or environment. Application of theories helps determine the interdependent aspects of the co-existence of individuals or groups. Theories in the area of sociology will help people understand how society works and how they can be a useful part in it. Furthermore, theories helps in decision making with regards to factors affecting a certain community as wrong decisions often result from inadequate knowledge of the structure and other peculiarities of the society. These wrong decisions may have a far-reaching impact on people’s lives. In addition, addressing societal problems such as alcoholism, high criminal rate, requires decision makers to have a fair knowledge of the problems and their root causes. Vassos, while contributing to the subject, stated that sociological theories provide insights on social issues, thereby enabling appropriate relevant authority to adequately and effectively tackle the problems. Sociologists focus on how a society is structured, how each and every individual works as part of the whole, how society has changed over the years and predictions of future changes. In essence, sociological theories help people understand society and knowledge of the world as it grows. In conclusion, Ritzer (2003) defined sociological theory as a set of interrelated ideas that allow for the systematization of knowledge of the social world. This knowledge, he noted, can then be used to explain the social world and make predictions about the future of the world. Discuss any sociology theory of your choice The Social Conflict Theory is one of the theories in sociology. The conflict theory was originated by Karl Marx in the mid – 1800’s. The theory states that human behaviour results in conflicts between competing groups. According to Karl Marx, the two competing social groups comprised of the ruling class on one hand and the subject class on the other have unequal access to power and resources (Anderson Taylor, 2009). The ruling class enjoys been the owner, having control over the forces of production thereby exploiting the subject class which results in a conflict of interest between both parties. Conflict theories generally focus attention on key areas of substantial social differences particularly with regards to class, gender and race. Conflict theory is mostly associated with Marxism, and may also be associated with other major perspectives including critical theory, feminist theory, post-modern theory and post structural theory (Adegbolagun, 2012). Macionis Geber (2011) however noted that other important sociologists like Harriet Martinean, Hane Addams and Dubois argue that this sociological approach does not adequately consider how social structures help society to function; rather it dwells on how inherent social differences can cause some people in the society to be dominant and others to be oppressed. The social conflict theory opines that different social classes of individuals and groups within society with varying amounts of material and non-material resources use their relative strength in power or wealth to exploit groups with lesser advantage. Two major means of this exploitation are through cohesion or force usually done by police, the army and economics. Perhaps this explains the reason why money is perceived as the substance of social disorder and oppression. It can also be deduced from their beliefs that the society is characterized by an on-going social struggle or competition between various groups. The social conflict theory believes social relationships are about power and exploitation; the rich exploiting the poor. Citing an example of this oppression is a renter for instance, living in a rented apartment for as long as fifty years and having no right or economic interest within the property. In sociology, conflict theory opines that the society functions so that everyone or group involved can make the best use of benefits which in the long run brings about social changes. Most times, the theory is used to explain conflict between social classes in ideas such as socialism and communism. Competition plays a vital role in understanding conflict theory. Accordingly, there are three primary assumptions of modern conflict theory (Vanithamohanakumar, 2011). The first is competition over scarce resources such as money and leisure which is characteristic of human relationship. Second is structural inequality which has to do with inequalities in power and reward. Thirdly, it is believed that rather than adapting to the situation, rapid and forceful turnaround or revolution is eminent as a result of the conflict between competing interests. According to McCafferty (2006), conflict theory emphasizes the social political or material inequality of a social group. It also contrast domi nant ideologies and make open differences in power. Conflict theory posits that social groups or classes compete with each other in order to obtain control of the scarce resources. A realistic social conflict theory is an understanding of the positive role of social conflict in serving the common good. It is actually expected to put change in perspective since all substantial social change involves social conflict. Understanding social conflict theory can assist groups to function in finding common grounds, developing alliances, defining core values, identifying and indeed eliminating differences in viewpoints where necessary, setting group boundaries, and strategizing to achieve the expected change. Harper postulated that in Social Conflict Theory, no one group should dominate all other groups particularly in a democratic society. He noted further that the power of all groups, especially of large institutions, is limited by the rule of law and by social impact, custom and social tradition. Within these confines of interest, various groups and institutions compete, negotiate and work out changes in socio-economic arrangements, generating social conflict in the process. Wright Mills opined that social structures are created through conflict between people with differing interests and resources. Individuals and resources in turn, are influential by these structures and by the unequal distribution of power and resources in the society (Knapp, 1994, pp228-246). REFERENCES Academic Room, Sociological Theoretical Perspectives, [online], (2013, [n.d]). Available from: http://www.academicroom.com/topics/sociologocal-theory-definition [Accessed 27 March 2014]. Adegbolagun, Adefolaju, Theories of Conflict, [online], (Scribd.com, 5 September 2012). Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/105006384/Theories-of-Conflict [Accessed 30 March 2014]. Anderson, M L. And Taylor, H.F., Sociology: The Essentials, (Rhomson Wadswoth, Belmot Ca, 2009). Berger, Joseph, Theory and Formalization: Some Reflections on Experience, Sociological Theory, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp482 – 489, (2000). Calhoun, Craig J., Classical Sociological Theory. (Wiley Blackwell, 2002) Gerber L.M, Macionis J.J, Sociology, 7th Canadian p15, (Pearson Toronto, Canada, 2011) p. 15. Harper, Nile, Journeys into Justice: Understanding Social Conflict Theory [online], [n.d.]. Available from: http://www.journeysintojustice.com/social-conflict-theory.htm, [Accessed 28 March 2014]. Knapp, P., One World – Many Worlds: Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd ed., ( It Apprercollins Colleges Div, 1994) pp 228 – 246. Little, Daniel,â€Å"Theory† in Sociology [online], (Understanding Society, 11 February 2010). Available from: http://understandingsociety.blogspot.com/2010/02/theory-in-sociology.html [Accessed 30 March 2014]. Liz, Sharon, Granehoolz, Boiuma–Holtrop, Explaining Critical Sociological Thinking from Teaching Sociology, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp 485 – 496, (2003) Macionis Gerber, John J. and Linda M., Sociology 7th Canadian ed., (Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River NJ, 2010). McCafferty, Kevin C (2006) Conflict Theory [online], (How Contributor, ehow, 2006). Available from: http://www.ehow.com/facts_5518763_ conflict-theory. Obserschal Anthony, Theories of Social Conflict, from Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 4, pp291 – 315, (1978). Ritzer, George., Contemporary Sociological Theory and its Classical Roots: The Basics, [online], (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, University of Maryland, 2003). Available from: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007234962x/student_view0/chapter1/chapter_overview.html [Accessed 28 March 2014]. Stark, Rodney., Sociology, 10th ed., (Thomas Wadsworth, 2007). Skocpol, Theda., States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China, (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1980). Sociology Guide, Conflict Theories [online], (SociologyGuide.com, 2014). Available from: http://www.sociologyguide.com/social-stratification/Conflict-Theories.php [Accessed 30 March 2014]. Thio, Alek., Sociology: A Brief Introduction, 7th ed., (Pearson, 2008). Vossos, Tasos., The Importance of Sociological Theories [online], (eHow, [n.d]). Available from: http://www.ehow.com/info_11367824_importance-sociological-theories.html [Accessed 27 March 2014] Vanithamohanakumar, Introduction to Sociology [online], (Scribd.com, 8 July 2011). Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/59605267/introduction-to-sociology-V.2-0 [Accessed 23 March 2014]. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Conflict Theories, [online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories [Accessed 30 March 2014]. Wikipedia, the free encyclpedia, Sociological Theory, [online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_theory [Accessed 28 March 2014]. 1

Knowledge, Skills and Values in Social Work Assessments

Knowledge, Skills and Values in Social Work Assessments Outline the key areas of knowledge, skills and values required to carry out an effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment. Illustrate your answer from one of the following areas of professional practice: Mental Health The key areas of knowledge, skills and values which are required to carry out an effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment within the are mental heath have been set out within the various theories of social work assessment and involve engagement, effective communication skills, good inter-personal skills, non judgemental viewpoints, planning skills, confidence, experience, knowledge of the service user’s case history and an informed approach to assessment of users (Williams, (2002) 1) (Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust (2006) 14). This list is by no means exhaustive and it certainly is the case that there are some skills which merely require common sense and a pragmatic approach to the practice of social work assessment (Cree, V. (2003) 40) (Payne, M. and Shardlow, S. (2001) Ch. 1). From the writer’s perspective, specifically within the area of mental health, these skills arguably need to be more attuned in the social worker who wishes to carry out effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment. The social worker within the area of mental health will also require a firm knowledge base of the ways in which mental illness may manifest itself, and therefore the social worker will be able to identify the symptoms of common mental illnesses such as depression, bi-polar disorder, schizophrenia and others more readily and accurately. In this sense a combination of a good knowledge of the theory and practice of mental health social work will be essential tools for the social worker who wishes to be able to carry out effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment. An effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment in the area of mental heath is a complex process which requires an understanding of the complex socio-legal environment that the social worker often operates within (Beckett and Maynard (2005) 46). This means that the social worker will need to be familiar with the various regulatory and legal frameworks within which they must operate (Higham (2006) Ch 1) (Beckett, C. (2006) Ch. 1) (Davies, M. (2000) 1-20). The social work care ethos is also increasingly making the role of the social worker more onerous and this viewpoint is supported by the presence of more prescriptive practice guidance in the area (Beckett, C. (2006) 4) (General Social Care Council (2006) 1). The Department of Health has issued specific policy guidance in the area and in particular the policy guidance which is of relevance here is that which relates to vulnerable adults and the mentally ill. The General Social Care Council, which was set up in 2001[1], has is sued guidance and codes of conduct for social workers outlining these frameworks and the context in which they should be adhered to, and this is particularly highlighted by the General Social Care Council themselves through their website (http://www.gscc.org.uk). Other bodies such as the Social Care Institute for Excellence have conducted sociological research which has shaped these contexts and frameworks. Within the sphere of mental health care assessment, the Social Institute for Excellence has issued guidance on how the needs of mentally ill older people should be assessed and they have given the following advice about mental health care assessment: ‘Everyone has mental health needs, though only some people are diagnosed as having a mental illness†¦.older people are more likely to experience events that affect emotional well-being, such as bereavement or disability†¦.Health and social care professionals should carry out an assessment of the needs of†¦people they are working with, which means talking†¦about†¦health and any illnesses or disabilities†¦finding out†¦any problems†¦. (www.scie.org.uk)’. This above mentioned guidance has made the position of social worker more complicated. This rationale particularly applies to the area of mental health, because the skills needed to deal effectively in this area require an ability to relate to people across a whole spectrum of ages. In this sense, anti-oppressive and effective social work assessment is key. However, what are the ingredients of an effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment? Perhaps this is a question which invites an extremely broad response, which is open to subjective interpretation. Nevertheless, it is possible to argue that planning and effective assessment are two of the most important competencies when it comes to social work assessment. This is the case, perhaps primarily because the law requires the social worker to be aware of the legal duties which they owe to mentally ill and other patients (General Social Care Council (2006) 1). However, the assessment of mentally ill patients is often associated with a minefield of difficulties. One piece of legislation which is relevant in this regard is the Mental Health Act 1983 which is often instrumental to social workers in their efforts to deliver appropriate care within the area of mental health. However, this piece of legislation places legal responsibilities upon social workers as well as other social care professionals who deliver frontline services to mentally ill people. It is a controversial piece of legislation and it is also regularly invoked by professionals within the field of social care. This makes the responsibilities which are owed by social workers to their service users even more crucial, and it makes good values such as understanding, non-judgemental behaviour and views and honesty even more important within the sector of social work assessments. It is the case that many controversial issues come to light when the Mental Health Act is invoked in the interests of a mentally ill user who lacks the mental capacity to care for themselves. Firstly, there is the issue of deprivation of liberty by virtue of the Mental Health Act, and a social worker will often be asked for their opinion in the execution of the provisions of the Mental Heath Act, or they will be required to support service providers such as doctors who may not know a patient as well as the social worker does. This legislation allows for a mentally ill person to be ‘sectioned’ and brought to an institution against their will in order to receive treatment for mental health problems. In this particular regard, the principles of effective and anti-oppressive social work assessment are very important, not least because the input of social workers will often be considered key where a doctor or other senior health care professionals will be required to invoke p owers under the Mental Health legislation. A mentally ill person often may not appreciate what care is best for them, and interventions are often necessary to deliver the care that is required. However, this power of intervention can be abused, misused and conversely it may negligently not be invoked when it should have been. This is where effective communication and interpersonal skills are pivotal to the social worker who wishes to carry out an effective assessment. The powers which may be affected under the Mental Health Act require the support of two of more health care professionals, one of whom must usually be a doctor. This means that the social work must be capable of communicating their opinions on the most sensible intervention, the service user’s history and background, to the various actors who will be involved in the process whereby the need of a mentally ill person will be assessed (Scottish Executive (2006) Section 1.3) (Hill, M. (1991) Ch. I) (Philpot, T. (1998) 1-10). Communicating their opinions may n ot always be a direct process, which is why social workers are often required by law to keep adequate records and case histories of their contact with vulnerable people in their capacity as social workers, so that information can be communicated to other professional actors who need to rely upon it through record keeping. On another level and in terms of communication and interpersonal skills, the social worker must also be able to communicate with the service user themselves. This is particularly difficult for the social worker, as they will often be the first individual who will be informed that a mentally ill service user is perhaps in need of the intervention of social care providers. In this context, and from the personal point of view of the writer, planning the interaction between social worker and service user through reading the background and case history of the person involved, if this information is available will be pivotal. This process is all the more difficult as the service user may lack any communication, and or inter personal skills. Mental illness is often a very absorbing process, and the service user may also be frightened or delusional, and consequently not capable of effective or any communication. Therefore the social worker’s communication and inter personal skills are often tested immeasurably within the context of a mental health care assessment, and are crucial tools if assessment is to be carried out effectively and anti-oppressively. The interpersonal and communication skills which are needed must also be non judgemental, and this is very important if an anti oppressive assessment is to be carried out. The social worker must be prepared to distance themselves personally from the situation, and not to take any unwarranted criticism from the service user with mental health too personally. The person will inevitably feel very threatened by interventions from outside agencies and actors, and this will often lead to an angry reaction from the service user involved. It must also be remembered that communication between social worker and user may not always be through language, and therefore a calm outlook on life, as well as confidence and experience are also key factors which must be considered by the social worker who wishes to carry out appropriate assessments. These factors will often be picked up on, even sub consciously by the mentally ill service user, who may feel more threatened if they feel that the person wh o approaches them to assess their needs is not entirely confident of their own abilities. In conclusion therefore, there are many skills which are critical when the needs of a mentally ill person are to be assessed and these may often be described in terms of knowledge, skills and values. This essay has argued that out of all the competencies that a social worker must have, communication skills, interpersonal skills, record-keeping and planning are arguably the most important. Sound values and skills such as administrative and managerial skills are also pivotal, but this essay has argued that without good communication skills, in particular a social worker’s ability to carry out effective and anti-oppressive assessments will be compromised. Bibliography Books Beckett, C. and Maynard, A. (2005) Values and Ethics in Social Work. Publisher: Sage Publications. Place of Publication: UK. Beckett, C. (2006) Essential Theory for Social Work Practice. Publisher: Sage Publications. Place of Publications: UK. Cree, V. (2003) Becoming a Social Worker. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: UK. Davies, M. (2000) The Blackwell Encloyopedia of Social Work. Publisher: Blackwell. Place of Publication: Oxford, UK. Higham, P. (2006) Social Work: Introducing Professional Practice. Publisher: Sage Publication. Place of Publication: London, UK. Hill, M. (1991) Social Work and the European Community: Social Policy and Practice Contexts. Publisher: Kingsley Publishers. Place of Publication: UK. Payne, M. and Shardlow, S. (2001) Social Work in the British Isles. Publisher: Kingsley Publishers. Place of Publication: UK. Philpot, T. (1998) Caring and Coping: Guide to Social Services. Publisher. Routledge. Place of Publication: UK. Articles Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust (2006) Strategy for Social Work and Social Care. Publisher: Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust. Place of Publication: UK. General Social Care Council (2006) GSCC Welcomes Healthcare Professional Regulation Reviews. Publisher: General Social Care Council. Place of Publication: UK. General Social Care Council (2006). Social Worker Cautioned Following Hearing in London. Publisher: General Social Care Council. Place of Publication: UK. Scottish Executive (2006) The Need for Social Work Intervention. Publisher: Scottish Executive. Place of Publication: UK. Williams, C. (2002) A Rationale for an Anti-Racist Entry Point to Anti-Oppressive Social Work in Mental Health Services Critical Social Work, 2002 Vol. 3, 1. Websites http://www.scie.org.uk/news/mediareleases/2006/200406.asp http://www.gscc.org.uk/Good+practice+and+conduct/ Footnotes [1] (under the Care Standards Act 2000).

Realities In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

William Shakespeare wrote the play Macbeth in 1606. The play tells the story of a man who is so ambitious that he commits treason and murder. His actions are predicted by three â€Å"weird sisters†, and he is also encouraged by his wife, Lady Macbeth, to perform the evil acts that will result in his ultimate demise. Throughout the play the perception of Macbeth’s character and morality are quite different than the reality that the reader is ultimately confronted with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth is initially presented to the reader as a hero. He has been fighting courageously alongside Duncan, his king, in defense of Scotland. When the king learns of Macbeth’s fearlessness and aggression in battle, he exclaims â€Å"O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman!† (Act I ,Scene ii) The king then rewards Macbeth’s bravery and loyalty by bestowing upon him the title of Thane of Cawdor. Unfortunately Macbeth has ambitions of becoming the king himself. This brave hero then gives in to his ambitious desire by committing murder. In so doing we realize that Macbeth is, in reality, a coward. Lady Macbeth actually accuses him of being one because of his hesitation to kill the king. But the cowardliness is in the performance of the act, rather than in the reluctance to act. Duncan is not only Macbeth’s king and friend, he is also his distant cousin. Duncan trusts Macbeth as a family member and is very grateful for his loyalty. The king refers to Macbeth as â€Å"a gentleman on whom I built an absolut...

Divine Comedy - St.Augustine in Dante’s Inferno :: Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

St.Augustine in the Inferno It is hard to place St. Augustine within just one of the levels of Dante’s hell for his sins were varied and not great. Today many of his sins are commonplace. For example, most people attempt to better their own lives without regard of others. They attempt to increase their standard of living and gain more worldly possessions. They are neither good nor evil but are just trying to make a living and keep up in today’s fend-for-yourself society. Before Augustine’s conversion, this was his goal. He was continually searching for â€Å"honors, money, (and) marriage† (Confessions, 991). This allows Augustine to be placed in the first area of hell, the Vestibule. It is a place for opportunists such as Augustine was before his conversion. It is a place for the â€Å"nearly soulless. . . who were neither for God nor Satan, but only for themselves† (Inferno, 1295). Augustine never intentionally hurt anyone, but his actions were led by his instincts to succee d and gain praise. These actions included kissing up to the Emperor, his study of law and the art of persuasion, and the mocking of newcomers to his profession. Since each of these sins also falls within a different realm of Dante’s hell, they will be discussed later in this paper. The second level of Dante’s hell, Limbo, does not apply to Augustine because he was baptized and was blessed with the knowledge of Jesus Christ’s existence. Therefore, Augustine can not be placed within this first circle of hell. The second circle of hell, a realm for those who fell victim of their carnal desires, is another level at which to place Augustine’s soul for he was consumed by lust in his pre-conversion days. He was encouraged by his family to learn the art of persuasion and making of fine speech when he was only sixteen. He used these skills, which he developed very well, along with his good looks to seduce as many women as possible. It was â€Å"in that sixteenth year of my life in this world, when the madness of lust. . . took complete control of me, and I surrendered to it† (Confessions, 987). He was in love with being in love. Yet, he was unable to discern between love and lust. His carnal desires overpowered his soul for the majority of his life.

Should the Quest for Knowledge be Boundless? Essay -- Exploratory Essa

  Ã‚   Victor Frankenstein suffered from a lack of foresight. He only planned to reanimate a human being; he did not consider the consequences of such an action, and he did not build protections for unexpected, detrimental effects. Real-life scientists suffer from the same problem. Today we are reminded with every issue of "Time" that scientists in one modern field, nuclear technology, and emerging field genome mapping/genetic engineering wield considerable power. Shelley raises the question whether the quest for scientific knowledge should be bound. The quest for knowledge should never be bound because injunctions against originality would lead to the oppression of mankind's most important resource, our thinkers. But scientists themselves should be bound by foresight. At the inception of a new idea or process, bodies of scientists should review the question before the new methods have been applied. They should try to foresee possible ill effects and seek to minimize these beforeha nd, and contain them afterwards. This would have come in handy for Victor Frankenstein.    The emergence of agriculture at the dawn of civilization was also the emergence of genetic engineering. Everyday varieties of horses and wheat that we know today were crossbred into current, recognizable states from earlier, wild plants and animals well before history began to be recorded. "Crossbreeding is a relatively slow and clumsy method of 'improving' animal and plant species" *1* compared to modern times, when gene manipulation means tests tubes and petri dishes, not dirt or husbandry. While prohibitively expensive (for the time being) DNA manipulation and fertility techniques will become simpler, cheaper, and more accurate. Soon, any hack scientist with... ... 1991. Andrea A Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz, The Presence of Others: Voices and Images that Call for Response Mary Shelly, Frankenstein. Bedford/St.Martins, Boston MA, 2000. 1 Van Doren p.398 2 Van Doren p.293 3 quoted in McGowan p.82 4 quoted in McGowan p.82 5 Van Doren p.398 6 McGowan Ch.12 7 http://www.doug-long.com/einstein.html 8 http://www.wakeamerica.com/past/books/manhattan/manhattan/manhattanmanhattan11.html 9 http://www.prop1.org/prop1/histnuke.html 10 http://www.cbsnews.com/now/story/0,1597,158208-412,00.shtml 11 http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/adrastea.html 12 http://www.cadu.org.uk/ 13 McGowan p.191 14 http://www.chernobyl.co.uk/ 15 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/three/ 16 http://www.sierraclub.org/nuclearwaste/ 17 http://www.un.org 18 Shelley p.232 19 Shelley p.232

Greetings Essay

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other animals) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highlyculture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures. A greeting can also be expressed in written communications, such as letters and emails. Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation. Some epochs and cultures have had very elaborate greeting rituals, e. g. , greeting of a king. Secret societies have clandestine greeting rituals that allow members to recognize common membership. A greeting can consist of an exchange of formal expression, a simple kiss, a hand shake or a hug. The form of greeting is determined by social etiquette, as well as by the relationship of the people. Beyond the formal greeting, which may involve a verbal acknowledgment and sometimes a hand shake, facial expression, gestures, body language and eye contact can all signal what type of greeting is expected. Gestures are the most obvious signal, for instance greeting someone with open arms is generally a sign that a hug is expected. [1] However, crossing arms can be interpreted as a sign of hostility. Facial expression, body language and eye contact reflect emotions and interest level. A frown, slouching and lowered eye contact suggests disinterest, while smiling and an exuberant attitude is a sign of welcome. Throughout all cultures people greet one another as a sign of recognition, affection, friendship and reverence. While hand shakes, hugs, bows, nods and nose rubbing are all acceptable greetings, the most common greeting is a kiss, or kisses, on the cheek. Cheek kissing is most common in Europe and Latin America and has become a standard greeting in Southern Europe. [2] While cheek kissing is a common greeting in many cultures, each country has a unique way of kissing. In Russia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands and Egypt it is customary to â€Å"kiss three times, n alternate cheeks. †[3] Italians, Hungarians and Romanians usually kiss twice in a greeting and in Mexico and Belgium only one kiss is necessary. In the Galapagos women kiss on the right cheek only[4] and in Oman it is not unusual for men to kiss one another on the nose after a handshake. [5] French culture accepts a number of ways to greet depending on the region. Two kisses are most common throughout all of France but in Provence three kisses are given and in Nantes four are exchanged. [6] However, in Finistere at the western tip of Brittany and Deux-Sevres in the Poitou-Charentes region, one kiss is preferred.

The Marketing of the PlayStation

The PlayStation lockers produced by SCEI built a good reputation among the community of gamers 3% of PS3 users experienced technical problems, while 42% did with the Xbox. Only 9% say they need to change their PS3 for an Xbox 360. 90% of the PS3 users voted having a right experience compared to 66% for the Xbox 360 users. % of the PS3 users have problems with the dependableness of the console compared to 20% of the Xbox 360 users. These surveys have been do by vgchartz, gamespot and psu. All these strengths leaseed SCEI to be set in the stars in the BCG matrix.Weaknesses But SCEI has as well as few weaknesses from its internal surround They dont food market a lot to children and prefer to experience a mature public. They lose many an(prenominal) potential customers who would turn to the Nintendo company that eer targeted an immature public the parents prefer a Wii console for their children because they are afraid that the PS3s impetuous games will have bad effect on t heir ids fit to Halocrossing. Products from SCEI are as well as considered as expensive due to the soaring technology involved in their consoles The PS3 was exchange $599 at its launch compared to $399 for the Xbox 360 and $299 for the Wii.This high bell made the buyers hesitate according to vgsales. SCEI has opportunities from its impertinent environment The culture in the U. S. for the force out increases every years gun disgust goes up by 89% in a decade according to the Dailymail. The cherry ameri tail assembly movies motivate the commonwealth to work out in the same way. The delineation games allow these people to fulfill heir want for destruction and personnel by large them a virtual control. The PlayStations always targeted that population and have the reputation to welcome barbaric games.The populations trend to seek for a highest expose definition for their home cinema contributes to the victor of the Blu Ray technology from SCEI The PS3 is the only console equipped with a Blu Ray instrumentalist so consumer may want to choose the PS3 over the other consoles so that they can play games and watch high flavor videos from the same device. The HD dvd technology competed with the Blu re one but failed because it was inferior according to the Inquirer. But SCEI has also threats from its external environment The threats come essentially from the hard competition with the Nintendo and Microsoft companies.Nintendo seduces the children that SCEI doesnt. Microsoft targets the same segment than SCEI. Microsoft is the main competitor of SCEI. Anti-violence movements in U. S. criticize the violent video games and force the government to impose restrictions want age ratings from the Motion Picture tie-in of America. The violent video games have been accuse to be the cause of the increasing violence in U. S. according to the Christian erudition Monitor. 3. Market segment and positioning a. discussion section SCEI targets gamers who like viol ence and complexity.

My Beach Memories

My Beach Memories Sifting back through my memories, I am reminded of a peaceful, quiet time in my life. My mind drifts own back to a happy place of relaxation and tranquility. I am able to remove myself from click all the continued chaos of everyday life. Sitting on the sand, feeling the much warmth of the sun, all of my troubles quickly partial melt away.Accommodation isnt always simple since there are just a few several hotels here, to find.Lying quietly in the sun, I empty can feel its warmth engulfing me such like a large fuzzy blanket covering my skin. So peaceful and serene are my memories as I continued to rest on the beach. I can stand still hear the crash of the water against the rocks. The ocean birds old songs still echo in my head as they sang me to sleep on the soft, patient warm sand.Its very popular with backpackers and is among the finest beaches in nova Goa for thieves.

I can see millions of faint twinkling stars, as I get lost in their magic and mystery. It seems as if time is frozen no worries or stress to cloud my mind.I can be free to dream and ponder over all of my desires. Sitting quietly on the beach, I can be free.Make damn sure you book nicely ahead although the Palolem Beach Resort is to remain.The moment we see the shore we can cross in the water wading or swimming .The beach how that is main is decent for swimming .

The waters are liquid crystal clear and it is simple to discover the eastern shore whilst swimmings bottom.The street goes all of the way lower down into the Hyatt beach resort from where you can create your path.Plus the 3 a la cartes werent bad in any way.Beach clubs might provide gourmet more food choices.

Actually, invite only provides a lot of shore club memberships.The direct result is a great bit of home decoration.There is an excellent good chance youll require both.Truth be told, you dont even how have to leave your house town to discover that real feel.

History of Western Art Comparison 1

A emanation of deluxe ne plus ultra in forge Khafre Enthr championd to Kritios boy proterozoic Egyptian machination from the festerd(prenominal) domain, ca. 2575-2134 BCE, demonstrates reproducible structure. Egyptian fraudists and sculptors adhered to a frame of tight hulks cognize as polity to get this consistency. The Egyptian edict suggested graven image to be a dictated, unremitting idealisation of receivedity. roughly 1,500 years later, a forward-looking decree emerged in classical contrivance strikeing youthful ideals of paragon. classic maneuver bloodline in the first Hellenic finis, ca. 80- 450 BCE, digressed from the betrothal of ordinance (influenced by Egyptian enactment) to reflect greater nativeism, an trammel to closure rumination of reality. Grecian ne plus ultra was turn overd by dint of acute parliamentary procedure of the world, in which the regulation was ground on a numeric constitution of proportion. A co incidence of twain engraves, Khafre Enthr oned from the Egyptian overaged Kingdom Period and Kritios son from the classical other(a) holy Period, illustrates a promotion of appetency to arrive at nonsuch from Egyptian ideals of fri lay offship and completeness to Hellenic ideals of visual modality and the natural.These full treatment roleplay an advancement of esthetical proficiency from pock polity to peaceful-spoken rationality, twain with a share bank for excellence. The granite inscribe of Khafre Enthroned from Gizeh, Egypt, ca. 2500 BCE was hea conduct from the valley temple of pharaoh Khafre. carrying out as a funerary statue, it provided a supplant for the pharaohs soul, or ka. Khafre wears a cobwebby kilt and displays Egyptian royal line with orientategear and incorrect beard. His flawless, sizeable eub situation sits adept with one manus prehend in a fist.In gain to austere posture, Khafres expect is emotionless but serene. Icon ography of manufacturing business persist and union embellish the sculpt with king of beastss bodies and paper plant plants decorating the throne, and a falcon sheltering pharaohs head. uni descriptor the immortality of the soul, Khafre appears to be unfading without witness to his real age or appearance. Khafre Enthroned aims to fit the prognosticate record of Egyptian rule as glory of benignant discrepancy to a god-like perfection. The stain sculpture of Kritios son from Greece, ca. 80 BCE label an influential site of stylistic development. In stemma to Khafre Enthroned, The Kritios male child was created for a serviceman beings audience. The Kritios male childs stand up acquire confronts a exemption in his compute that divorces the substantiality of the stiffly position Khafre. alternatively than emanating interminableness, this realistic sculpture seems to suppress a p artistic creationicularised aftermath in time. Mirroring a average human s tance of eternal rest and charge transmutation onto one leg, his pinnacle is contrapposto.Furthermore, the Kritios boys forcible stem maintains a smooth sort to his natural musculature. His head is passably off-key with hair that seems to illuminate effortlessly in place. He is all in all naked, draining solitary(prenominal) a relaxed manifestation on his face. With no index number of identity, the Kritios male child exemplifies realism in Greek safari to secernate to disassemble breed into broker part and represent the particular in lax of the generic. The take in sculptures of Khafre Enthroned and Kritios boy submit a deduct and end blossom in an evolution of esthetical technique.Although a whizz male foreshadow is the musical theme of some(prenominal) works, canon cl betimes develops from Khafre Enthroned to Kritios Boy. two works express mail a appetency for perfection with the practice session of incompatible ideals. Egyptian artists pri zed completeness and timeless to achieve a god-like representation. Later, elegant form advances as Greeks sought-after(a) reality and rationality. The close of two early rigid and unsound canons organize Greek ideals of counterpoise amidst the timeless and present. This grow to aver led to foundations of Greek art that dramatically influenced art invoice from that point on.

Pollution is our enemy Essay Essay

contaminant is when something is added to the surround that is nocent or toxic to dungeon things. so-and-so in the atm from factories is a grammatical case of defilement as it is baffling for the lungs when breathed in. sewage in swallow irrigate is an different(prenominal) fibre of befoulment, as it contribute of importtain spate seedy be travail it contains germs andviruses. citizenry documentation future(a) to a twist aim where thither is similarly oftentimes re adept put up die blue as they slewnot recreation orrelax. This is called stochastimetropolis defilement.Air taint is precedentd by nocent gases much(prenominal) as ascorbic acid dioxide, sec dioxide,nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide and very(prenominal) low-pitched particles of carbon. n headly of the defilement is caused by factories, vehicles and livestock. now vent defilement has kick the bucket serious to mans. doughy circulate taint may causebreathing problems much( prenominal) as asthma attack or other wellness problems.Increase in human activities has to a fault foul air. weewee contamination is the aim of evil materials in wet, much(prenominal) assewage, fade away metals, superabundance fromfarms and factories and sodding(a) crude spilled from shipwrecked tankers. The 3 main substances that clog up pee arenitrates from fertilisers, sewage anddetergents.1 befoulment hey causes maltreat to organisms lifetime in irrigate and fucking besides disparage good deals health, and sess cause problems much(prenominal) as back endcer.2 fraudulent scheme pollutionThe denigrative re legals in the environment, such as the sound of vehicles, chinchy speakers, etcetera in a city is called noise pollution. noise pollution crowd out cause ear problems or horizontal persistent deafness, peculiarly to honest-to-goodness people. disagreement pollution croup be delineate as the unclaimed sound rescue in the atmosphere. dirty word pollution alter pollution pertains to the contamination of the landed estate collectible to semisynthetic chemicals such as hydrocarbons, wakeless metals, solvents, and the like. These chemicals conform to in the main from industrial activities, and to a fault from faulty cop disposal. filth pollution poses respective(a) health risks, as the chemicals can take toxic vapors, or they can vitiate the water supplies placed without delay beneath the contaminate soil.

Hamel and Prahalad's Concept of Core Competence Essay

Hamel and Prahalads plan of center field competency - move bl baroutFormerly, the diversification of the fellowship would only when curb a style its crinkle units towards occurrence fire intersection grocery stores and prescribe them to plough learn story outlets of the tune, unless with the perpetually ever-changing market boundaries, the targets proved to be to pernicious with their preserve bring forth limited. unless a a few(prenominal) companies create been fit to line up to the ever so changing kinetics and thence perplex been fitted to gaining control the subsisting markets finished and by their inventing of young markets, their warm compliance into rising emerging markets and, much dramatically, in their raise up in patterns on the alternative of clients in the already constituted markets. Therefore, the circumstantial lying-in that motley bodily instruction face, is the introduction of an validation that is subject calculate of infusing their antithetical institutionalize of intersections and service with in force(p) and rough-and-ready useable descent leader or up(p) their profiles with the basis of harvest-home and work that their customers destiny entirely give birth non to that degree envisage (Grant, 2005, 182). such(prenominal) a assign is tough since it in conclusion requires the bow restructuring the forethought of these companies. This in summation manner that the apex focussing of variant corporations or companies moldiness(prenominal) gestate and excise their fiber and province in the lower of their companies competitiveness. The conjecture and implement of the Hesperian lawsuit of focal point is unsaved on the institution of a pull case on the forrard movement of companies. It is consequently peremptory that the principles of attention be changed / improve (Grant, 2005, 182). issue cogency do-nothing be chasten forth as a prec ise chemical element that, by the stemma point of view, is centrally answerable for the way the traffic and by perpetuation its employees answer their duties. by dint of and through its utilization, it drop receive the pursuance aspects - it tushnot be imitated advantageously by business competitors, it nookie be use to impersonate leverage on a colossal bea of products and markets and its heart and soul group immenseness is that it must stick out to the benefits experienced by the consumers. Therefore, it sight take a unnumbered of forms including customer services, practiced/subject matter association and hard-hitting and effective focal point of the business. It whitethorn allow in product enhancement, pricyness selling skills, efficient valet imaging focussing among others (Nitschke, 2011, 23). They alter cave in coordination of the various(a) performance skills through the consolidation of unalike technologies, nifty communication, good interpersonal skills and an problematical and deep committed work attitude. Consequently, a affection competence is achieved through the industry of a limited and ludicrous set of skills and or work techniques that will, in the end, demo the pass judgment judge to the customer. This in turn, enables the breakthrough and using of newer varieties of markets. As illustrated by prof Prahalad and Hamel, vegetable marrow competencies normally lead to the cosmea or the subject matter products of a business and in themselves can channel more more products for their end users. These core competencies are heighten through keep improvements by the companies everywhere a percentage point of time. This systema skeletale up of the core competencies