The Use of Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay

The Use of Deception in William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deception is a key theme in William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. The characters must use deception to obtain good things, escape bad situations, or to play cruel hilarious ticks on other people. One example of deception is when Viola clothes herself in men's clothing in order to obtain a job under the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. During another scene Sir Andrew, Fabian, Maria, and Sir Toby Belch trick Malvolio into making a fool of himself. A third example of deception is when Feste the jester disguises himself as Sir Topas and taunts Malvolio. Each of these scenes and characters helps depict the different uses of deception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example of deception is Viola's decision to dress as a man. She must do this in order to survive. Viola is a young woman who narrowly escaped a shipwreck along with her twin brother, Sebastian. Unfortunately, the twins where separated during the shipwreck and each believes the other perished. Viola has no way of survival other than to dress as a man and serve Orsino. Viola says: "For such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent. I'll serve this duke...for I can sing...That will help allow me very worthy his service". (Shakespeare, 54-59) While serving as a messenger between the Orsino and his love Olivia, Olivia happens to fall in love with Viola instead of the Duke. Later a captain finds Viola's brother, Sebastian, on the shore of Illyria. They both g...

Jealousy and Othello

How does shakespeare explore the theme of authority in ‘Othello’? In the play Othello, Shakespeare explores through the theme of authority. He presents different types of authority such as racial, military, political, sexist, emotional and deception. Shakespeare uses techniques such as characterisation, symbolism, contrast, repetition, dramatic irony and pronouns to help portray the theme of authority. Shakespeare uses characterisation to develop the characters to help express authority in Othello.Othello is seen as the protagonist and tragic hero of the play. He is described as an eloquent and physically powerful figure at the beginning of the play. He uses his experience of fighting in the battlefields to woo Desdemona and to gain her love. â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had passed, and I loved her that she did pity them. † From this Othello gains authority over Desdemona as she loves him. He is depicted as a general who is of military authority over the a rmies of Venice, but also as a moor in the eyes of Iago, Brabantio and Roderigo because of his racial colour. Your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs. † In spite of his military status, he possesses a free and open nature which Iago uses to his advantage to twist Othello’s love for Desdemona, which turns his love into an uncontrollable and insane jealousy. Due to Iago’s manipulation Othello becomes obsessive and compulsive which adds fire to the jealousy within Othello. Shakespeare portrays Iago as a manipulative and evil person. He is seen as the antagonist of the play.Envy of Cassio, jealousy of Othello’s possession of Desdemona, jealous fear that both Othello and Cassio may have cuckolded him and the incessant desire for money and power is what fuels Iago’s motivations and leads to Iago’s destructive actions. Iago like Othello is motivated by the same envy and jealousy that arouses murderous hatred. Iago’s desire for power leads Iago to manipulate and destroy other’s reputation to gain his own. Iago is highly skilled with words and uses language to gain his power.One such situation is when Iago convinces Cassio to drink to get him drunk which leads to Cassio losing his position as lieutenant which is then given to Iago. Iago uses people’s weaknesses and strengths to control his victims. This creates a sense of authority over them as he can easily manipulate them to do what he wants and to get what he wants. The women in Othello are characterised to have little to no power or authority against the males. This shows a sexiest view of authority.Though Desdemona is the senators daughter and starts off as a strong and independent woman defying her father, near the end she is seen as weak and unfaithful and also as a push over as she easily forgives Othello for everything he has done therefore showing that Desdemona has little power in her relationship with Othello. Emilia is portrayed as a cynical and worldly woman. Emilia is deeply attached to her mistress, Desdemona, though she tries to grab her husband, Iago’s attention and affections by stealing Desdemona’s handkerchief and giving it to Iago.In the end though Emilia goes up against Iago she is killed for it. Bianca, is a represented as a prostitute who doesn’t have any power or authority and is abused by Cassio as he doesn’t respect her and uses her as a sex toy. The handkerchief plays a very important role in Othello. It symbolises different things to the different characters. For Desdemona the handkerchief is a symbol of Othello’s love and for Othello it symbolises marital fidelity as it was his mother’s and used it to keep his father faithful to her.By losing the handkerchief and lying about it, Othello sees it as a sign of infidelity and thinks that Desdemona is cheating on him. For Iago, he sees it as an opportunity to use the handkerchief to beguile O thello into believing that Desdemona is unfaithful to him and cheating on him with Cassio who Iago uses as a part of his plan to confirm Othello’s uncertainties of Desdemona’s infidelity which drives Othello insane with jealousy. The handkerchief is a symbol of fidelity and trust which Iago manipulates to gain power over Othello.Dramatic irony is shown throughout the play. Iago is the main source of dramatic irony for his cunning ways. Iago is depicted as having two faces, one that is for show which is as a loyal soldier and trusting friend while the other as an evil and sinful man which only the audience knows until the end of the play. Iago’s loyalty as a soldier and as a friend is contrasted sharply to his true intention which is to destroy the lives Othello, Cassio and, Roderigo as a bonus, to gain power and money.Such irony includes Othello’s trust in Iago, as Othello listens to Iago and does what he says, giving Iago power over him, though the audie nce knows his true intensions which is to destroy his life and everyone he loves. Cassio is also a victim to manipulation. Iago uses persuasive language to get Cassio drunk which leads Cassio into getting into fight with Roderigo, who Iago also has power over, to get Cassio stripped of his status as lieutenant which goes to Iago.Though Cassio thinks of Iago as a friend who wants to celebrate with him, he is just another civilian towards his plan to gain power. The use of repetition is mainly used by Iago which is used to emphasis and brainwash his victims. â€Å"Put money in thy purse†, is repeatedly said to hypnotise Roderigo into believing that Iago will help him get Desdemona for the price of all his money, but of course this is dramatic irony as the audience knows he is being used by Iago, creating a strong authority over Roderigo.Iago has Roderigo so mesmerised that he convinces him to kill Cassio, as Iago has made him believe that Cassio was also after Desdemona’ s affections and was competition that had to be eliminated. â€Å"Villainy†, is repeatedly said by Emilia to emphasis the murder of an innocent lady and to create guilt inside of Othello’s conscience. Shakespeare conjures an Elizabeth racial stereotype which creates a racial authority. Elizabethans were very sensitive to the use of the pronouns such as ‘you’ and ‘thee’, which sent clear social signals.Even though Othello is of high authority, he is not treated with the same respect as the white people because of his racial colour. People such as Iago use ‘thou’ and ‘thee’ towards Othello and ‘you’ and ‘your’ towards Brabantio. This shows that Iago acknowledges Othello as a superior but has no respect for him as he calls him by ‘thee’ which implies contempt. The use of pronouns such as ‘you’ is more formal and distant, suggesting respect for a superior. â€Å"An old black ram is tupping your white ewe†, is a racist comment used to describe Othello.Because of the white dominated race in Cyprus, black people such as Othello do not get the same respect as one should get. In conclusion, Shakespeare has expressed many views of authority in Othello. The use of techniques and structure has helped develop the theme of authority. One of Shakespeare’s messages of authority in the play is that jealousy can be destructive and powerful and can lead people to do unmentionable deeds. It can lead us into compulsion and obsession and destroy the person that we are.

Human Genetic Engineering

I will be discussing the controversial topic of human genetic engineering and its pros and cons from a biological and social point of view while also trying to answer the question â€Å"Should human genetic engineering be legal. † Genes control health and disease, as well as human traits and behavior. Researchers are Just beginning to use genetic technology to unravel the secrets to these phenotypes (observable trait caused by a gene). They are also discovering a range of other potential applications for this technology.For instance, ongoing advances make it more and more likely that scientists will soon be able to genetically engineer humans to have certain desired traits (this is already done on mice). Of course, the possibility of human genetic engineering raises a number of ethical and legal questions, although such questions almost never have a clear and straight forward answer. The research of bioethics, sociologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists can tell us about how different citizens, cultures, and religions view the moral boundaries or the uses of human genetic engineering.If human genetic modification Is fully legalized It will be done on the early, early stages of reproduction: from when It Is Just a sperm and an egg to the fetus stage, maybe a slight amount later. At this point of time It Is only legal to perform two types of â€Å"advance reproductive technologies† on humans. The first Is foretelling the egg with sperm In a test tube. This is used to determine the sex and what genes the baby will have, therefore knowing if using a different sperm/egg will be a better choice since one of the genes n the first tested set might be a genetic disease or the parents might prefer a different sex.The second technique is much like the first. Embryos for a genetic disease; only selected embryos are implanted back into the mother's womb. This is called â€Å"Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis. † Now I will discuss what go od can come of legalizing human genetic engineering. Really the most useful application of human genetic engineering is preventing hereditary diseases, disabilities and defects/doodlers. Examples include: Down syndrome, Diabetes, color blindness and even allergies.Stopping these diseases/doodlers before the baby Is even born can help prevent a lot of Issues from happening In the child's future and can possibly save lives. Eventually the disease/disorder will die out because the gene has been removed from the generations making it unable to be passed down. Another application could involve stimulating muscle growth/brain development in turn making the child more athletic or more brainy also changing your child's physical features and traits, such as eye color and hair color.Now for the bad: Although changing your child's physical traits, deciding to make them more muscular or more smart can seem like a good thing to a some people it is also viewed as a bad thing to some people. Thing s like â€Å"a perfect race† could arise from these problems, or â€Å"baby trends,† where it Is trendier that year for your kids to have blonde hair then It Is for them to have black or blue eyes rather than green. This Is generally the topic that Is the most talked amongst the public when discussing human genetic engineering.Other social Issues can be raised such as It Is against â€Å"gods will,† countries creating super human soldiers, countries becoming more like the class system e: people who run business, there is also the issue of the child not having the choice to be genetically modified, the individuality of humans and coasts of genetically modifying also comes into play, such as, can only the rich afford it? From a biological point of view genetic modification could eventually make some genes â€Å"extinct† in a way, where they are no longer needed/deemed useless or maybe they â€Å"go out of fashion.In my opinion, I think that genetic modific ation in humans should be legal, but should only be used for hereditary diseases, disabilities and disorders which help the child but things like letting the parent chose the child's traits do not help the child and he/she also loses their individuality. Also there is the fact that the child doesn't have a choice at what the parents will make them look like. Changing the traits of a child through genetic engineering does not benefit the child and only pleases the parents. InConclusion to this essay, there is a high chance that human genetic engineering will be available soon and when it does it will be a very controversial issue, both on a biological and a social point of view. Most social issues come from a negative stand point and are mainly on the regulation of it (coasts, who can use it, what countries can do with it). There is no straight forward answer to the question of should human genetic modification be legal. Although there is a large amount of health benefits, the negati ve social issues may outweigh them. Word Count: 839 Human Genetic Engineering I will be discussing the controversial topic of human genetic engineering and its pros and cons from a biological and social point of view while also trying to answer the question â€Å"Should human genetic engineering be legal. † Genes control health and disease, as well as human traits and behavior. Researchers are Just beginning to use genetic technology to unravel the secrets to these phenotypes (observable trait caused by a gene). They are also discovering a range of other potential applications for this technology.For instance, ongoing advances make it more and more likely that scientists will soon be able to genetically engineer humans to have certain desired traits (this is already done on mice). Of course, the possibility of human genetic engineering raises a number of ethical and legal questions, although such questions almost never have a clear and straight forward answer. The research of bioethics, sociologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists can tell us about how different citizens, cultures, and religions view the moral boundaries or the uses of human genetic engineering.If human genetic modification Is fully legalized It will be done on the early, early stages of reproduction: from when It Is Just a sperm and an egg to the fetus stage, maybe a slight amount later. At this point of time It Is only legal to perform two types of â€Å"advance reproductive technologies† on humans. The first Is foretelling the egg with sperm In a test tube. This is used to determine the sex and what genes the baby will have, therefore knowing if using a different sperm/egg will be a better choice since one of the genes n the first tested set might be a genetic disease or the parents might prefer a different sex.The second technique is much like the first. Embryos for a genetic disease; only selected embryos are implanted back into the mother's womb. This is called â€Å"Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis. † Now I will discuss what go od can come of legalizing human genetic engineering. Really the most useful application of human genetic engineering is preventing hereditary diseases, disabilities and defects/doodlers. Examples include: Down syndrome, Diabetes, color blindness and even allergies.Stopping these diseases/doodlers before the baby Is even born can help prevent a lot of Issues from happening In the child's future and can possibly save lives. Eventually the disease/disorder will die out because the gene has been removed from the generations making it unable to be passed down. Another application could involve stimulating muscle growth/brain development in turn making the child more athletic or more brainy also changing your child's physical features and traits, such as eye color and hair color.Now for the bad: Although changing your child's physical traits, deciding to make them more muscular or more smart can seem like a good thing to a some people it is also viewed as a bad thing to some people. Thing s like â€Å"a perfect race† could arise from these problems, or â€Å"baby trends,† where it Is trendier that year for your kids to have blonde hair then It Is for them to have black or blue eyes rather than green. This Is generally the topic that Is the most talked amongst the public when discussing human genetic engineering.Other social Issues can be raised such as It Is against â€Å"gods will,† countries creating super human soldiers, countries becoming more like the class system e: people who run business, there is also the issue of the child not having the choice to be genetically modified, the individuality of humans and coasts of genetically modifying also comes into play, such as, can only the rich afford it? From a biological point of view genetic modification could eventually make some genes â€Å"extinct† in a way, where they are no longer needed/deemed useless or maybe they â€Å"go out of fashion.In my opinion, I think that genetic modific ation in humans should be legal, but should only be used for hereditary diseases, disabilities and disorders which help the child but things like letting the parent chose the child's traits do not help the child and he/she also loses their individuality. Also there is the fact that the child doesn't have a choice at what the parents will make them look like. Changing the traits of a child through genetic engineering does not benefit the child and only pleases the parents. InConclusion to this essay, there is a high chance that human genetic engineering will be available soon and when it does it will be a very controversial issue, both on a biological and a social point of view. Most social issues come from a negative stand point and are mainly on the regulation of it (coasts, who can use it, what countries can do with it). There is no straight forward answer to the question of should human genetic modification be legal. Although there is a large amount of health benefits, the negati ve social issues may outweigh them. Word Count: 839

Radical Actions of Abolitionis essays

Radical Actions of Abolitionis essays DBQ: Radical Actions of Abolitionists Thesis: By 1836 the abolitionists acted radically by demanding an immediate end to slavery and recognition of equality. Written for Document Based Question section on the Advanced Placement U.S. History Exam. Before 1836, the abolition movement was restricted to a few northern radicals. However, organized societies and effective campaigning, increased northern support against slavery while free blacks used their freedom to organize slave resistance in the South. By 1836 the abolitionists acted radically by demanding an immediate end to slavery and recognition of equality. In 1836, radical abolitionists pressed for immediate emancipation instead of gradual freedom through the restricting the expansion of slavery and slave trade. Abolitionists such as Henry Highland Garnet called slaves to rise up and secure liberty with resistance. The American Anti-Slavery Society distributed pamphlets throughout the North to gain support for emancipation. In The Liberator (Document D), Garrison expresses the radical idea that there is need for severity to end slavery immediately. Document E insists that it is within the best interest of abolitionist to act immediately, while Document F calls for immediate abolition, because slavery is a sin. By introducing the idea that slavery is immoral, abolitionists radicalized the movement. The movement was radicalized even further with abolitionist rejection of colonization. Blacks believed that the prosperity of the United States was due to their own hard work. According to David Walker's, Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, America is more the blacks country than it is the whites. (Document C) The radical abolitionists of 1836, rejected colonization as described in Document A. Also, abolitionist began to demand racial equality in addition to emancipation. The idea that blacks were equal to whites was ex ...

Negative Effects Of Technology Essay

Negative Effects Of Technology Essay Negative Effects Of Technology Essay Leandro Profeta 11/07/2014 Essay 8 New gadgets and social media have contributed a lot of bad things in our lives. Even though social media helps us to make things easier, it still has consequences for us. There is always a catch. For instance, technology can be used to perform some drastic and catastrophic events more quickly. Moreover, gadgets make people to think differently. If we don’t control ourselves when using it, we might lose our ability to think for ourselves, our freedom and we might hurt somebodys’ feeling. Every single day, there is no time that we aren’t going to check our Facebook account. Indeed, probably some of us do that before we start our day. Checking the News Feed on Facebook may be fascinating for some of us. Some articles in News Feed are very interesting, for instance, how chatting and texting alter our language little by little because new generation kids talk. They usually change the spelling of each word. Some articles are just about something how you are going to live your life in particular day, or how is your day going to be. It’s like a digital horoscope. In fact, some people defend their day in this sort of things. They forget that they are the ones who are going to live. For newspaper publishers, Facebook is affecting their businesses because more than half of Americans get their news from it. It’s kind of pulling the people away from the fact that newspaper is more accurate in terms of news and has reliable source. Some of us are being controlled by digital devices because we let the simple machine intrude into our lives. Digital devices and high technology are number one destruction and freedom intrusion. U.S. government has spent billions of dollars to watch our nation. And because high technology is being used to perform awful plans to harm us these days, hostile countries can easily ruin our nation digitally and stealthily. However, U.S. government is very advanced to stake someone out because they have money and power to do that. Using their high technology, they are able to eavesdrop to the private conversations and watch everyone of us secretly.

Every IB History Past Paper Available Free and Official

Every IB History Past Paper Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Taking a practice IB History exam before the actual exam will help you familiarize yourself with the length, style and format of the test. In this guide, we explain the IB History test format and link to the best past papers available. At the end, I’ll explain how best to use these IB History past papers for your studying. Disclaimer: these free exams should be used at your own risk. The exams are not authorized by the IBO and were most likely put up online without the IBO’s consent. IB History Exam Format The IB History course was completely revamped in 2017. Now, there are five prescribed subjects: Military leaders Conquest and its impact The move to global war Rights and protest Conflict and intervention Your teacher will choose one that you'll cover, and you'll be tested on this for paper 1 (one hour in length). There is also a list of twelve world history topics. For paper 2 (1.5 hours), you'll cover two of these: Society and economy (750-1400) Causes and effects of medieval wars (750-1500) Dynasties and rulers (750-1500) Societies in transition (1400-1700) Early Modern states (1450-1789) Causes and effects of Early Modern wars (1500-1750) Origins, development and impact of industrialization (1750-2005) Independence movements (1800-2000) Evolution and development of democratic states (1848-2000) Authoritarian states (20th century) Causes and effects of 20th-century wars The Cold War: superpower tensions and rivalries (20th century) For students taking IB History HL, they'll have a final paper (paper 3) that is 2.5 hours and will cover one of the four Depth Studies: History of Africa and the Middle East History of the Americas History of Asia and Oceania History of Europe Current IB History Papers The best source for up-to-date IB History past papers is the IBO store. Each paper and each markscheme is $3, so a full test's worth will cost you $12 for SL or $18 for HL. (While the IBO site has a sample SL/HL paper 2 available for free, it's from November 2005, predating the most recent syllabus updates.) Currently, the IB store has papers from 20 through 2018, but we recommend only purchasing papers from May 2017 tests or later, as those are the exams that match the new syllabus. Be sure to check not just the test date but also the depth-study area for each exam paper and markscheme you purchase to make sure they match up- you wouldn't want to purchase a History of Asia and Oceania exam paper but a History of Europe markscheme! Additionally, we've found these IB History past papers available for you to study from. They are from 2017 and follow the same format as current IB History exams, so you can be sure they'll be close to what you actually see for your own paper. Because they're not on the official IB site, however, we urge you to use these with caution. Paper 1 prompts and grading Paper 2 prompts Alan O'Rourke / Flickr Old IB History Papers These papers are before the IB History course was revamped in 2017, so the topics the papers cover won't be exactly what you see for your course. However, these can still be a useful way to get a better sense of the kinds of papers you'll see for IB History and the types of information you'll be expected to know. 2003 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 2004 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 2005 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 2006 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 Paper 3 Topics Chart of paper 3 topics from 2000 through 2012 How to Use IB History Past Papers Each full IB History practice exam will take you 2.5 hours for SL or 5 hours for HL, so you need to get the most out of each test. Below are some pointers for your practice. Tip 1: Take Papers 1 and 2 Consecutively (If Possible) For both IB History SL and HL, papers 1 and 2 are administered one after the other, requiring you to maintain your concentration and testing stamina for 2.5 hours. Part of practicing for the test means building up your testing endurance so that you're not making careless errors or losing focus towards the end of the tests. IB History HL includes a third, 2.5-hour paper administered on a second day of testing, which you should also try to match in your practice schedule. Having a test spread out over multiple days means that you can't just cram and then immediately forget everything after you've finished papers 1 and 2; you'll need to practice retaining information even after the 2.5-hour slog of the first day's papers 1 and 2. If you don't have time in your schedule for a full 2.5-hour session (or for two 2.5-hour sessions two days in a row for HL), then splitting papers 1 and 2 up over multiple days is OK. Just make sure that in your studying you follow this next tip: Tip 2: Time Yourself on Each Paper You must get used to the timing pressures of this exam. The time allowed per paper is: IB History SL Paper 1- 1 hour Paper 2- 1 hour 30 minutes IB History HL Paper 1- 1 hour Paper 2- 1 hour 30 minutes Paper 3- 2 hour 30 minutes Don't give yourself extra time. If you do, you will not figure out your pacing for the real exam and will likely score higher than you actually will the day of the test. I want these practice exams to give you an accurate picture of your actual test score. Stephan Baum/Wikimedia Tip 3: Review Your Mistakes! When you complete your exam (end of Paper 2 for SL or end of Paper 3 for HL), check every mistake. If you skip this step, you will not learn from your errors, and you'll keep making them. You need to take at least an hour reviewing your exam. I know this may seem like a lot of time, but you want quality practice. If you only end up taking two practice tests with detailed review, you will be better prepared than if you took six tests with no review. What’s Next? Taking IB History right now? Round out your studying with our complete IB History notes and study guide. Ready to jump into some US History topics? Learn about the Platt Amendment and Ida Lewis. If you're more interested in political history, be sure to also check out our articles on checks and balances in the US government and how the executive branch can check the judicial branch. Or perhaps you're interested in learning something that might not come up in history class? Find out more about David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo heist, the complete history of hip hop, and the competing claims for invention of the 3-hole punch. Learn more about the IB course offerings: The Complete List of IB Courses and Classes Which IB Courses Can I Take Online? Can I Get an Online IB Diploma? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Ethical Problems of Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Problems of Cloning - Essay Example The doctors are hopeful, that they can induce a remission again. However, the most effective treatment would be a bone marrow transplant. Jim and Gwen have no other children and neither of them are a close enough match. They decide to attempt to conceive another child who will be a match for Ruth and seek assistance from an IVF specialist. They will then be able to use the cord blood for the transplant. They undergo three attempts involving the collection and fertilization of ova. Each embryo is tested but none of the eight embryos are a match. Ruth has finished the repeated courses of chemotherapy and is in remission again. However, her parents are not sure, how long she will remain in remission and are disheartened by the failure to find an embryo that is a match. They ask the doctors to consider cloning Ruth, using an egg from Gwen with the nucleus removed. The doctors are reasonably sure, that they could successfully clone a child, even though it has only been trialed with animals. However, they are seriously concerned, that the child would be born with birth defects. Jim and Gwen acknowledge this concern but feel there is no other way to save Ruth. Is cloning a human real Should human clones exist The question is not in technical peculiarities now, but in the moral and ethical implications of cloning. On the one hand, this act may be considered immoral. It is known, that a person has got not only body, but thoughts, deeds, moral standards. People can be happy and sad, angry and kind. And people have got reason. This is the fundamental difference of humans and animals. There is the risk, that a human clone won't have human thoughts or traits, which won't make him different from animals. This creature will be like an empty cover without soul. The so-called cloning technology distinguishes only material, and not spiritual nature of people. Thus it may create a mass production of humans without any relation to the real act of conception and with giving a little individual no mind or soul. Transplantation of organs from a clone, whose donor attributes are similar to those of the patient, may not be a desirable objectivity. The life of a human, even of a cloned one, should not be considered as the consumer product. Even an embryo at its initial stage of development possesses life. That's why it may be considered immoral to create human life for further killing it. It is rather difficult to accept cloning from the ethical point of view. But there is also some concern from technological point of view. Though cloned animals exist, but it has been noticed that they often have physical defects or are overtaken by untimely death. This very fact was outlined to Ruth's parents - there is the great risk of the cloned child having many physical defects, and there are no guarantees, that the child will live a long life. According to the research, the probable rates of death among children may reach 50%. Taking into account this fact, some people may consider cloning to be a crime. No one should strive to acquire hundreds of embryos, which stand in front of the danger of being destroyed. This fact is enough to suppose cloning to be immoral. Moreover, the children, who were born through cloning, may meet a lot of terrible problems in their lives, as